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Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 718-730 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1771-2

摘要：

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace     cyanide removal     gas washing water     modeling and simulation     ozonation    

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Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash, silica fume, and GGBS

Osama Ahmed MOHAMED, Omar Fawwaz NAJM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 406-411 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0350-1

摘要： This paper presents the findings of an experimental program seeking to understand the effect of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes where up to 80% of Portland cement was replaced with fly ash, silica fume, or ground granulated blast furnace slag. Compressive strength of SCC mixes was measured after 3, 7, and 28 days of moist curing. It was concluded in this study that increasing the dosage of fly ash increases concrete flow but also decreases segregation resistance. In addition, for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.36 used in this study, it was observed that the compressive strength decreases compared to control mix after 28 days of curing when cement was partially replaced by 10%, 30%, and 40% of fly ash. However, a fly ash replacement ratio of 20% increased the compressive strength by a small margin compared to the control mix. Replacing cement with silica fume at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% was found to increase compressive strength of SCC mixes compared to the control mix. However, the highest 28 day compressive strength of 95.3 MPa occurred with SCC mixes in which 15% of the cement was replaced with silica fume.

关键词： fly ash     silica fume     ground granulated blast-furnace slag     self-consolidating concrete     and sustainable concrete    

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Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching behavior of Cr and Pb

Yan SHAO,Haobo HOU,Guangxing WANG,Sha WAN,Min ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0719-0

摘要： Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash     blast furnace slag     leaching behavior     Cr     Pb    

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高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术研究综述 Review Article

罗月阳1,张新民1,Manabu Kano2,邓龙3,杨春节1,宋执环1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第3期   页码 327-354 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200366

摘要： 在高能耗、高污染、极为复杂的冶炼过程中，高炉是极为重要的反应器。软测量技术是在线实时预测反映高炉能耗和运行稳定性质量指标的关键技术，在节能减排、提高产品质量和带来经济效益方面发挥着重要作用。随着物联网、大数据和人工智能的发展，高炉炼铁过程中的数据驱动软测量技术受到越来越多关注，但目前尚无关于高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术的系统性总结与评价。本文详细总结了高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术的最新研究成果与发展现状。具体而言，首先对高炉炼铁中使用的各种数据驱动软测量建模方法（如多尺度方法、自适应方法、深度学习等）进行了全面分类总结与分析。其次，对高炉炼铁中数据驱动软测量技术的应用现状（如硅含量、熔铁温度、气体利用率等）作对比分析。最后，展望了数据驱动软测量技术在高炉数字孪生、多源信息融合、碳达峰与碳中和等方面的潜在挑战和未来发展趋势。

关键词： 软测量；数据驱动建模；机器学习；深度学习；高炉；炼铁过程    

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一种基于数字孪生云平台的炼铁过程智能优化服务 Article

周恒, 杨春节, 孙优贤

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第9期   页码 1274-1281 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.022

摘要：

工业过程多目标优化研究因算法和设备的不完善，已经大幅限制了工业过程的智能化发展。为了提升流程工业过程的操作水平，本文提出了一种基于云服务平台和分布式系统的混合智能优化框架。在这个智能优化系统中，工业实时数据首先暂存于本地服务器，经过清洗整理后上传至云数据库中；然后在可拓展的云平台上部署分布式系统用于运行智能优化算法；最后将基于深度学习和进化算法的多目标混合优化算法打包上传至云计算平台。通过将多目标优化服务运行于数字孪生云上工厂，钢铁厂高炉铁水产量增加了83.91 t·d﹣1，焦炭比降低了13.50 kg·t﹣1，硅含量平均降低了0.047%。

关键词： 云上工厂     高炉炼铁     多目标优化     分布式系统    

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Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 117-130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0788-7

摘要： Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment. Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature, no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete. In particular, the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete, which is required for various structural applications, such as limit state design formulation, reliability-based structural analysis, etc., has so far not attracted the attention of researchers. This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-, flexural- and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate. Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments. In addition, the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building, considering the proposed distribution model. The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.

关键词： waste copper slag     quantification of variability     goodness-of-fit test     seismic risk assessment     PSDM    

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Utilization of alkali-activated copper slag as binder in concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 773-780 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0722-z

摘要： This study was focused on developing concrete using alkali-activated copper slag (AACS) as a binder. The properties of alkali-activated copper slag concrete (AACSC) were compared with portland cement concrete (PCC). Different AACSC mixes were prepared with varying Na2O dosage (6% and 8% of the binder by weight) and curing methods. Hydration products in AACSC were retrieved using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The test results indicate that the workability of AACSC was lesser than that of PCC. The AACSC mix with 6% Na2O dosage has exhibited similar mechanical properties as that of PCC. The mechanical properties of AACSC were higher than PCC when 8% of Na2O dosage was used. Heat curing was effective to upgrade the strength properties of AACSC at an early age of curing, but at a later age mechanical properties of ambient cured and heat-cured AACSC were comparable. The hydration products of AACSC were not identified in XRD patterns, whereas, in FTIR spectra of AACSC some alkali-activated reaction products were reflected. The AACSC mixes were found to be more sustainable than PCC. It has been concluded that AACSC can be produced similarly to that of PCC and ambient curing is sufficient.

关键词： binder     concrete     mechanical properties     mineralogy     workability    

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Simplified theoretical analysis and numerical study on the dynamic behavior of FCP under blast loads

Chunfeng ZHAO, Xin YE, Avinash GAUTAM, Xin LU, Y. L. MO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 983-997 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0633-4

摘要： Precast concrete structures have developed rapidly in the last decades due to the advantages of better quality, non-pollution and fast construction with respect to conventional cast-in-place structures. In the present study, a theoretical model and nonlinear 3D model are developed and established to assess the dynamic behavior of precast concrete slabs under blast load. At first, the 3D model is validated by an experiment performed by other researchers. The verified model is adopted to investigate the blast performance of fabricated concrete panels (FCPs) in terms of parameters of the explosive charge, panel thickness, and reinforcement ratio. Finally, a simplified theoretical model of the FCP under blast load is developed to predict the maximum deflection. It is indicated that the theoretical model can precisely predict the maximum displacement of FCP under blast loads. The results show that the failure modes of the panels varied from bending failure to shear failure with the mass of TNT increasing. The thickness of the panel, reinforcement ratio, and explosive charges have significant effects on the anti-blast capacity of the FCPs.

关键词： precast structure     fabricated concrete panel     blast resistance     theory model     empirical equation    

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Performance of soft-hard-soft (SHS) cement based composite subjected to blast loading with consideration

Jun WU,Xuemei LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 323-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0301-2

摘要： This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical study on the damage and performance of a soft-hard-soft (SHS) multi-layer cement based composite subjected to blast loading which can be used for protective structures and infrastructures to resist extreme loadings, and the composite consists of three layers of construction materials including asphalt concrete (AC) on the top, high strength concrete (HSC) in the middle, and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) at the bottom. To better characterize the material properties under dynamic loading, interface properties of the composite were investigated through direct shear test and also used to validate the interface model. Strain rate effects of the asphalt concrete were also studied and both compressive and tensile dynamic increase factor (DIF) curves were improved based on split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. A full-scale field blast test investigated the blast behavior of the composite materials. The numerical model was established by taking into account the strain rate effect of all concrete materials. Furthermore, the interface properties were also considered into the model. The numerical simulation using nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA agrees closely with the experimental data. Both the numerical and field blast test indicated that the SHS composite exhibited high resistance against blast loading.

关键词： high strength concrete (SHS)     engineered cementitious composite     interface     blast test     strain rate effect    

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Development of dimensionless P-I diagram for curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast

Yonghui WANG, Ximei ZHAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 1432-1445 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0566-y

摘要： The curved steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich shell was recently proposed to resist blast loading and it showed better blast resistant performance as compared to flat SCS sandwich shell via developing compressive force along the shell. In this paper, a dimensionless Pressure-Impulse (P-I) diagram was constructed as a convenient tool to predict the damage level of curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast loading. The curved SCS sandwich shell was equivalent to a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and the equation of motion was established by employing the Lagrange’s equation. To construct the dimensionless P-I diagram, the energy balance method was utilized to yield the pressure and impulse asymptotes and the responses in the dynamic response regime were obtained via employing the SDOF method. Then, the finite element method was employed to validate the developed dimensionless P-I diagram. Finally, the procedures of using the constructed dimensionless P-I diagram to quickly conduct the blast resistant design of curved SCS sandwich shell were presented.

关键词： blast loading     curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shell     Pressure-Impulse diagram     single-degree-of-freedom method     finite element analysis    

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Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses

Vivian W. Y. TAM, Khoa N. LE, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, Anthony BUTERA, Cuong N. N. TRAN, Ashraf TEARA

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 395-405 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0019-2

摘要： Recycled concrete is a material with the potential to create a sustainable construction industry. However, recycled concrete presents heterogeneous properties, thereby reducing its applications for some structural purposes and enhancing its application in pavements. This paper provides an insight into a solution in the deformation control for recycled concrete by adding supplementary cementitious materials fly ash and blast furnace slag. Results of this study indicated that the 50% fly ash replacement of Portland cement increased the rupture modulus of the recycled concrete. Conversely, a mixture with over 50% cement replacement by either fly ash or slag or a combination of both exhibited detrimental effect on the compressive strength, rupture modulus, and drying shrinkage. The combined analysis of environmental impacts and mechanical properties of recycled concrete demonstrated the possibility of optimizing the selection of recycled concrete because the best scenario in this study was obtained with the concrete mixture M8 (50% of fly ash+ 100% recycled coarse aggregate).

关键词： recycled aggregate     recycled concrete     fly ash and slag    

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Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 223-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0022-5

摘要： Rock blasting is a dynamic process accompanied with the propagations of shock waves and the dispersion of the explosion gas. This paper adopts the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method to simulate the rock blasting process. A dynamic parameter adjustment and the non-reflecting boundary condition are implemented in the DDA method. The sub-block DDA method to simulate fracture problems is used. The blasting process in jointed rock mass is simulated by application of the explosion gas pressure on the expanding borehole walls and induced connected fracture surfaces around the boreholes. The blast craters with different overburdens are derived. The whole process including the explosion gas dispersion, borehole expansion, rock mass failure and cast, and the formation of the final blasting piles in rock blasting are well reproduced numerically. Parametric study for different overburdens is carried out, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

关键词： blast crater     jointed rock mass     explosion gas pressure     discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method    

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Performance assessment of Alccofine with silica fume, fly ash and slag for development of high strength

Shivang D. JAYSWAL; Mahesh MUNGULE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 576-588 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0826-0

摘要： Previous studies on concrete have identified silica fume (SF) as the most effective supplementary material, whereas fly ash (FA) and slag have been identified as economical materials with long term strength potential. Development of blended cement mortar referred to as blended mortar (BM) requires similar assessment. The present study explores the application of Alccofine (AL) as supplementary material and compares its performance with conventional materials namely SF, FA and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The mortar specimens with binder to fine-aggregates (b/f ) ratio of 1:2 are prepared at water to binder (w/b) ratios of 0.4 and 0.35. The strength values and stress-strain curve for control and BM specimens are obtained at 7, 28, 56, and 90 d curing periods. The assessment based on strength activity index, k-value method and strength estimation model confirms that AL, despite lower pozzolanic activity, contributes to strength gain, due to reduced dilution effect. Assessment of stress-strain curves suggests that the effect of w/b ratio is more dominant on the elastic modulus of BM specimens than on control specimens. The observations from the study identify enhanced strength gain, improved elastic modulus and higher energy absorption as key contributions of AL making it a potential supplementary material.

关键词： Alccofine     high strength mortar     efficiency factor     dilution effect    

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Prediction of characteristic blast-induced vibration frequency during underground excavation by using

Tae Un PAK; Guk Rae JO; Un Chol HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1029-1039 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0861-x

摘要： Blast-induced vibration produces a very complex signal, and it is very important to work out environmental problems induced by blasting. In this study, blasting vibration signals were measured during underground excavation in carbonaceous shale by using vibration pickup CB-30 and FFT analyzer AD-3523. Then, wavelet analysis on the measured results was carried out to identify frequency bands reflecting changes of blasting vibration parameters such as vibration velocity and energy in different frequency bands. Frequency characteristics are then discussed in view of blast source distance and charge weight per delay. From analysis of results, it can be found that peak velocity and energy of blasting vibration in frequency band of 62.5–125 Hz were larger than ones in other bands, indicating the similarity to characteristics in the distribution band (31–130 Hz) of main vibration frequency. Most frequency bands were affected by blasting source distance, and the frequency band of 0–62.5 Hz reflected the change of charge weight per delay. By presenting a simplified method to predict main vibration frequency, this research may provide significant reference for future blasting engineering.

关键词： wavelet analysis     blast-induced vibration     frequency characteristics     underground excavation    

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Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element

Farhoud KALATEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 15-37 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0465-7

摘要： In this study, the air blast response of the concrete dams including dam-reservoir interaction and acoustic cavitation in the reservoir is investigated. The finite element (FE) developed code are used to build three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of concrete dams. A fully coupled Euler-Lagrange formulation has been adopted herein. A previous developed model including the strain rate effects is employed to model the concrete material behavior subjected to blast loading. In addition, a one-fluid cavitating model is employed for the simulation of acoustic cavitation in the fluid domain. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the air blast loading on the response of concrete dam systems. Hence, the analyses are performed for different heights of dam and different values of the charge distance from the charge center. Numerical results revealed that 1) concrete arch dams are more vulnerable to air blast loading than concrete gravity dams; 2) reservoir has mitigation effect on the response of concrete dams; 3) acoustic cavitation intensify crest displacement of concrete dams.

关键词： air blast loading     concrete dams     finite element     dam-reservoir interaction     cavitation     concrete damage model    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

期刊论文

Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash, silica fume, and GGBS

Osama Ahmed MOHAMED, Omar Fawwaz NAJM

期刊论文

Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching behavior of Cr and Pb

Yan SHAO,Haobo HOU,Guangxing WANG,Sha WAN,Min ZHOU

期刊论文

高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术研究综述

罗月阳1,张新民1,Manabu Kano2,邓龙3,杨春节1,宋执环1

期刊论文

一种基于数字孪生云平台的炼铁过程智能优化服务

周恒, 杨春节, 孙优贤

期刊论文

Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete

期刊论文

Utilization of alkali-activated copper slag as binder in concrete

期刊论文

Simplified theoretical analysis and numerical study on the dynamic behavior of FCP under blast loads

Chunfeng ZHAO, Xin YE, Avinash GAUTAM, Xin LU, Y. L. MO

期刊论文

Performance of soft-hard-soft (SHS) cement based composite subjected to blast loading with consideration

Jun WU,Xuemei LIU

期刊论文

Development of dimensionless P-I diagram for curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast

Yonghui WANG, Ximei ZHAI

期刊论文

Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses

Vivian W. Y. TAM, Khoa N. LE, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, Anthony BUTERA, Cuong N. N. TRAN, Ashraf TEARA

期刊论文

Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

期刊论文

Performance assessment of Alccofine with silica fume, fly ash and slag for development of high strength

Shivang D. JAYSWAL; Mahesh MUNGULE

期刊论文

Prediction of characteristic blast-induced vibration frequency during underground excavation by using

Tae Un PAK; Guk Rae JO; Un Chol HAN

期刊论文

Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element

Farhoud KALATEH

期刊论文